University Writing

How to Develop an Argument in a Systematic Literature Review

Mark Hayter

In the realm of academic research, literature reviews play a crucial role in advancing knowledge and understanding. They provide an overview of the scholarly conversation surrounding a specific topic or research question, helping researchers situate their own work within a broader context. While literature reviews are often misunderstood as mere summaries, they are, in fact, much more than that. A well-constructed literature review not only summarizes existing arguments but also analyzes and evaluates them, laying the foundation for new insights and contributions to the field. This article will guide you on how to develop a strong argument in a systematic literature review, ensuring originality, coherence, and impact.

Setting the Stage: Posing the Puzzle

Before diving into the intricacies of developing an argument, it is essential to establish the puzzle, dilemma, or problem that your literature review aims to address. This entails framing a proposition or problem statement, which could potentially lead to a hypothesis in certain research contexts. Clearly articulate the specific aspect of the puzzle or problem that your review will focus on, providing a clear direction for your analysis. Additionally, identify the relevant bodies of literature that you have drawn upon to construct your research. This could involve referencing the theoretical or conceptual frameworks that underpin your analysis or guide your interpretation of the results.

Establishing Trust: Methodology and Research Design

To ensure the credibility and reliability of your literature review, it is crucial to explain the methodology and research design employed. This will instill confidence in your readers, allowing them to trust the validity of your findings. Describe the steps you took to gather and analyze the relevant literature, highlighting any specific criteria or protocols used in the selection process. By transparently outlining your research approach, you provide a solid foundation for your subsequent argumentation.

Unveiling the Results: Reporting and Analysis

After establishing the puzzle, setting the context, and explaining the methodology, it is time to unveil your findings and analyze them in depth. Report the results of your literature review, presenting the evidence and insights you have gathered from the scholarly conversation. This is where your argument takes shape, as you synthesize and evaluate the existing arguments to support and strengthen your own position. Use clear and concise language to communicate your analysis effectively, making sure to integrate relevant theoretical frameworks and concepts where appropriate. By critically engaging with the literature, you will provide a nuanced perspective that contributes to the ongoing discourse.

Interpreting the Results: Meaning and Significance

Having presented your findings and analysis, it is essential to interpret the results and explain their meaning. This involves tying your argument back to the initial puzzle or problem statement, demonstrating how your results contribute to a better understanding of the topic at hand. Highlight the significance of your findings, both in the context of the existing literature and for broader implications in relevant fields. Explain why your results matter, who they are relevant to, and why they add value to the existing body of knowledge. This reflection on the importance of your argument enhances the overall impact of your literature review.

Looking Ahead: Future Directions and Research Agenda

As you conclude your systematic literature review, it is important to reflect on the implications of your work and outline future directions for research. Consider the gaps and limitations identified in the existing literature, and propose areas for further exploration and study. This helps position your argument as part of an ongoing scholarly conversation, inviting others to build upon your findings and contribute to the field. By offering a research agenda, you demonstrate the intellectual depth and breadth of your work, fostering a sense of curiosity and inquiry in the reader.

Conclusion

Developing a strong argument in a systematic literature review is a nuanced and deliberate process. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can ensure that your review goes beyond mere summarization and engages critically with existing arguments. Remember to clearly pose the puzzle, establish trust through transparent methodology, report and analyze the results, interpret their meaning, and outline future directions for research. This approach will not only enhance the originality and impact of your literature review but also contribute to the advancement of knowledge in your field.

Additional Information:

  • Set out the puzzle, dilemma, or problem at the beginning.
  • Clearly state the specific aspect of the puzzle that your review will address.
  • Identify the relevant literature and frameworks that inform your research.
  • Explain the methodology and research design used in your review.
  • Report the results of your literature review and analyze them in-depth.
  • Interpret the results and explain their significance.
  • Reflect on the implications of your work and propose future research directions.
  • Reiterate the importance of your argument and its contribution to the field.
  • Outline the broader research agenda that emerges from your review.